Permanent Visas and Green Cards

The immigration process in the U.S. can be complex, involving strict rules, extensive paperwork, and constant policy changes. These challenges often make it difficult for individuals to obtain permanent residency.

What is a Green Card?

A green card (permanent resident card) allows noncitizens to live and work permanently in the U.S. It also provides a pathway to U.S. citizenship. Unlike temporary visas, a green card offers more security and fewer restrictions.

To apply, individuals must confirm their eligibility and submit Form I-485 to USCIS. Depending on the applicant’s circumstances, the form might be filed by a family member or employer. Once approved, the green card is valid for ten years and must be renewed.

Maintaining Permanent Residency

Even if the green card expires, permanent residency remains valid unless it is revoked due to issues such as committing a crime, abandoning residency, or becoming a U.S. citizen. Compliance with laws and USCIS rules is essential to maintain status.

Eligibility for a Green Card

Family-Based Immigration

Eligible family members of U.S. citizens and permanent residents may apply, including spouses, children, parents, and siblings. Immediate relatives are prioritized with no annual cap, while extended relatives are subject to limits and longer wait times.

Employment-Based Immigration

Certain professionals and workers, including those with extraordinary abilities or job offers in the U.S., may apply. Employers often need Department of Labor approval to sponsor a foreign worker.

Humanitarian Categories

Refugees, asylees, victims of human trafficking (T visa), crime (U visa), and abuse may be eligible for green cards. Special protections exist for abused spouses, children, and parents of U.S. citizens or residents.

Special Immigrant Visas

Certain groups like Afghan or Iraqi nationals who worked with the U.S. government may qualify through this category.

Other Categories

Additional pathways include programs such as:

• Liberian Refugee Immigration Fairness (LRIF)
• Diversity Visa Lottery
• Cuban Adjustment Act
• Haitian Refugee Immigration Fairness Act
• Lautenberg Parolee
• Indochinese Parole Adjustment Act
• Special cases like foreign diplomats' children or American Indians born in Canada

Benefits of Permanent Residency

• Pathway to U.S. citizenship after 3–5 years
• Sponsorship for family reunification
• Eligibility for dual citizenship
• Legal protections under U.S. law
• Access to certain government benefits
• Immigration rights protected despite future law changes

Risks to Permanent Residency

A green card may be revoked for reasons such as failure to file taxes, criminal convictions, extended time abroad, or fraud. Such issues could lead to deportation.

Proper legal guidance can help applicants and permanent residents navigate these processes successfully and maintain their legal status in the U.S.